HR Glossary

147c is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

360-Degree Feedback is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

4-Day Work Week is a workplace trend or cultural label that reflects how people are responding to expectations around flexibility, wellbeing, productivity, and office norms in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

401(a) is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

401(k) is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

403(b) is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

457(b) Retirement Plan is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

9/80 Schedule is a working pattern or scheduling concept that defines when, where, or how employees perform their work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A 9/80 schedule is typically a fortnightly or two-week working rosta that splits 80 working hours across the course of nine days.

Abilene Paradox is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Absconding is an employment event, administrative action, or formal document used to record or manage changes in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Absence management is an employer's strategy for reducing unplanned employee absences through policies, tracking tools, and return-to-work programs.

Absenteeism is a pattern of habitual, unplanned absence from work that goes beyond occasional sick days or legitimate emergencies.

A set of rules and processes called an absenteeism policy is intended to lower the number of days employees miss work.

Absolute Ratings is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

HR professionals frequently refer to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as the ACA (Affordable Care Act).

The practice of making workplaces, communication methods, and job responsibilities accessible to people with disabilities is known as accessibility.

Accounts Receivable is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Leave accruals are the gradual earning of paid time off over a pay period, allowing employees to build up vacation, sick, or personal days.

Accrued Payroll is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A specific task that needs to be completed, typically by a single person or a small team or group, is called an action item.

Employees defer the percentage of income under a 401(k) retirement plan as the actual deferred percentage (ADP).

Equity theory aims to explain why employees' views on what is just, fair, and appropriate at work are essential for organizational success.

An adaptive device is a specialized tool designed to help a person with a disability perform everyday tasks in the workplace and beyond.

Adaptive leadership is a practical framework developed at Harvard that helps leaders navigate complex organizational challenges and drive change.

The ADDIE model is an instructional design framework with five phases: Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate for training programs.

ADEA (Age Discrimination in Employment Act) is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Administrative Services Only (ASO) is an arrangement where employers self-fund health benefits and hire a third party to handle claims and administration.

Employees who filed form W-5, Earned Income Credit Advance Payment Certificate, are eligible for an early award of the Earned Income Credit.

Adverse impact occurs when a seemingly neutral hiring policy or practice disproportionately disadvantages a protected group of job candidates.

Advisory Shares is an ownership or financing concept that shapes how equity is granted, valued, diluted, or earned over time in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

According to Daniel Goleman's theories on leadership, affiliative leadership is built on putting people first.

Affirmative action is the practice of considering job applicants of various races, creeds, colors, and national origins while deciding whether to hire them.

An Affirmative Action Plan (AAP) outlines the steps federal contractors take to ensure equal employment opportunity for all workers.

An amount is deducted from taxpayers' wages after taxes (federal, state, and local income taxes, Social Security, and Medicare) are withheld.

Ageism is workplace discrimination or prejudice based on a person's age, most commonly directed at older employees and job candidates.

An insurance agent is a licensed professional who sells and services insurance policies on behalf of one or more insurance carriers.

Agent of Record (AOR) is an international employment, mobility, or immigration term used when organisations hire, relocate, sponsor, or support workers across borders in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

An agile organization uses flexible structures, decentralized decision-making, and adaptive processes to respond quickly to changing business conditions.

Agile working is a flexible approach that empowers employees to choose when, where, and how they work, moving beyond traditional office constraints.

Algorithmic accountability requires organisations to monitor, explain, and take responsibility for outcomes produced by automated HR decision-making systems.

Algorithmic transparency is the practice of making the logic, data inputs, and decision criteria of automated systems understandable to those affected by them.

Ally is a diversity, equity, inclusion, or belonging concept that shapes how people are treated, represented, and supported at work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) is a method of resolving a quarrel, lawsuit, or dispute outside of court.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a US federal law prohibiting discrimination against people with disabilities in employment and public life.

Annual leave is paid time off granted by an employer that employees can use for vacation, rest, or personal matters throughout the year.

Annualised Pay is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

An annualized salary is a fixed sum of gross compensation distributed to an employee over a year, giving rise to an estimated yearly income.

An annuity is a long-term agreement with an insurance provider that assures the worker a consistent income stream at a future time, usually after retirement.

Anti-discrimination refers to laws, policies, and practices designed to prevent unfair treatment of individuals based on protected characteristics.

An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of protocols and tools that allows different software applications to communicate with each other.

The US federal government keeps track of job applicant data in an applicant flow log, which is then used for statistical analysis.

A technique known as applicant screening is used to evaluate a job applicant's credentials and possible fit for the position to which they have applied.

An applicant tracking system (ATS) is recruiting software that helps organizations manage job postings, screen resumes, and streamline hiring workflows.

Appraisal Letter is an employment event, administrative action, or formal document used to record or manage changes in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Artificial intelligence (AI) in HR uses machine learning and automation to improve recruitment, engagement, workforce planning, and decision-making.

An assessment center is a structured evaluation process that uses multiple exercises and simulations to measure candidates' suitability for a role.

At-will employment is a US doctrine allowing either the employer or the employee to end the employment relationship at any time, for any lawful reason.

Attachment (payroll) is an employment event, administrative action, or formal document used to record or manage changes in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Attrition is the gradual reduction of a workforce that occurs when departing employees are intentionally not replaced by the organization.

Attrition rate measures the percentage of employees who leave an organization over a given period, often used to gauge workforce stability and retention.

An electronic network called an Automated Clearing House (ACH) is responsible for overseeing online banking transactions.

Availability Analysis is an organisational planning concept used to shape structure, decision-making, workforce capacity, and long-term people strategy in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Awards and prizes are financial and non-cash rewards provided to employees in HR and Payroll for actions they have taken (recognition) or actions

Baby boomers are the demographic generation born between 1946 and 1964, named after the post-World War II surge in birth rates.

Back pay is compensation owed to an employee for work already performed but not yet paid, often resulting from payroll errors or legal disputes.

Back Tax is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Background Check / Background Verification is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A balanced scorecard measures organizational performance across financial, customer, internal process, and learning and growth perspectives.

Bare Minimum Mondays is a workplace trend or cultural label that reflects how people are responding to expectations around flexibility, wellbeing, productivity, and office norms in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Base pay is the fixed compensation an employee earns for their role, expressed as a salary or hourly rate, before bonuses and benefits are added.

Base remuneration is the core compensation an employee receives in exchange for their work, before the addition of variable pay, allowances, or benefits.

The base wage rate is the agreed-upon minimum hourly or periodic pay an employee receives, set during the hiring process before extras like overtime.

Basic salary is the core fixed income an employee receives before additions like bonuses, allowances, overtime, or deductions such as taxes.

A before-tax deduction is an amount subtracted from an employee’s gross pay before income taxes are calculated, reducing their overall taxable income.

Behavioral competencies are observable traits, attitudes, and interpersonal skills that predict how well an employee will perform in a given role.

Questions that interviewers use that pertain to the candidate’s behavior relating to a certain situation in a previous role.

Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Bell Curve is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Benchmarking is the process of comparing an organisation's practices, processes, or performance metrics against industry standards or leading competitors.

Benefits administration is the process of designing, implementing, and managing employee benefits like health insurance, retirement plans, and leave.

Bereavement is the period of grief and mourning an individual experiences following the death of a loved one, often addressed by workplace leave policies.

Bereavement leave is employer-granted time off that allows employees to grieve, attend funeral services, and handle affairs after the death of a loved one.

Big data refers to extremely large and complex datasets that cannot be effectively processed using traditional data management tools.

Biweekly pay is a payroll schedule in which employees receive their wages every two weeks, resulting in 26 pay periods per year.

When employees have different types of work contracts such as full time, part time, temporary, seasonal, contractual, and permanent.

Blind Ad is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Employment qualifications that employers are legally allowed to consider that can be based on sex, religion, or national origin.

A bonus is a form of additional compensation paid to an employee beyond their base salary, typically tied to individual, team, or organisational performance.

Boolean search is a recruitment technique that uses operators like AND, OR, and NOT to filter candidate results across job boards and databases.

A boomerang employee is a worker who leaves an organisation and later returns to work for the same employer, often in a new role.

The Bradford Factor is an HR formula that calculates the impact of employee absences by weighting frequent short-term absences more heavily.

Breaks for Remote Employees is a working pattern or scheduling concept that defines when, where, or how employees perform their work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A policy whereby the company requires or permits its employees to use their personal devices for work-related tasks.

Broadbanding is a compensation structure that consolidates a large number of narrow pay grades into a smaller number of wide salary bands.

An insurance broker is an independent professional who represents the interests of the buyer rather than the insurance company when arranging coverage.

Buddy System is an organisational planning concept used to shape structure, decision-making, workforce capacity, and long-term people strategy in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Workplace bullying is repeated, unreasonable behaviour directed towards an employee that creates a risk to health and safety.

Bumping is an employment event, administrative action, or formal document used to record or manage changes in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A type of stress felt in the workplace where employees feel general dissatisfaction, physical exhaustion, emotional exhaustion, and mental exhaustion

Business agility is an organisation's ability to rapidly adapt to market changes, customer needs, and emerging opportunities while preserving its values.

A business analyst evaluates organisational processes and uses data-driven insights to recommend improvements that solve problems and drive efficiency.

Business continuity planning prepares organisations to maintain essential operations during crises through proactive procedures and recovery strategies.

Business Equity is an ownership or financing concept that shapes how equity is granted, valued, diluted, or earned over time in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A legal concept used by employers to justify employment criteria that have disproportionately affected certain groups.

A legal agreement between two or more parties that defines a shared ownership or operation of a certain business.

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Business Visa is an international employment, mobility, or immigration term used when organisations hire, relocate, sponsor, or support workers across borders in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Buzz marketing is a strategy that aims to generate word-of-mouth excitement and conversation around a brand, product, or campaign.

A cafeteria plan lets employees select from a menu of pre-tax benefits, such as health insurance and FSAs, tailored to their personal needs.

California labor laws are state-specific employment regulations covering wages, overtime, meal breaks, and worker protections for all employees in the state.

The candidate experience is how a candidate feels as they progress through the hiring process at your company.

Candidate relationship marketing (CRM) uses marketing tactics to build talent pipelines by engaging and nurturing prospective candidates over time.

Capitated pricing is a healthcare payment model where providers receive a fixed fee per enrolled member regardless of the services delivered.

Career Break is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A career path is a chart that outlines the stages you should take in your professional life to develop into new or more senior responsibilities at work.

The easiest way to define a professional plateau is when you feel like you have reached a stage in your career where you cannot advance.

Career progression encompasses the steps an employee takes to advance professionally, including promotions, skill development, and salary growth.

Employees taking time off from work to care for a loved one with a severe illness are said to be on "carer's leave."

A carrier is an insurance company that underwrites and administers insurance policies, assuming the financial risk of providing coverage to policyholders.

Carryover PTO is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A carve-out is an arrangement in which a specific component of an employee benefits plan is separated from the main plan and managed by a specialist provider.

The short-term disability insurance program for Californian workers is called CASDI, or California State Disability Insurance.

Caste Discrimination is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A casual employee is a worker engaged on an irregular or as-needed basis with no guaranteed hours of work or ongoing commitment from the employer.

A certificate of good standing is an official state document confirming that a business has met all licensing, tax, and regulatory requirements.

Certified PEO is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Change management is the structured approach to transitioning individuals, teams, and organisations from a current state to a desired future state.

Chatbots are software applications that simulate human conversation to automate interactions with users through text or voice.

Childcare Check is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

CHIPRA is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Circular A is the IRS Agricultural Employer's Tax Guide, covering federal tax withholding, deposit, and reporting rules for farm labour employers.

Circular E is the IRS Employer's Tax Guide, providing instructions on federal tax withholding, deposits, and reporting obligations for employers.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Cliff (Vesting) is an ownership or financing concept that shapes how equity is granted, valued, diluted, or earned over time in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Cloud computing delivers storage, processing, and software over the internet, enabling HR teams to run scalable, accessible systems remotely.

Cloud HR software is a SaaS-based human resources platform hosted online, offering payroll, recruitment, and employee management without on-premise servers.

Co-employment is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Coaching is a personalised development method where an experienced guide helps employees build skills, improve performance, and reach professional goals.

COBRA is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A code of conduct is a formal document that outlines the expected behaviours, ethical standards, and workplace rules employees must follow.

A code of ethics is a document that outlines the moral principles and values that guide the behaviour and decision-making of individuals within an organisation.

A code of practice is a set of guidelines and standards that outline the recommended procedures for a specific area of work or professional activity.

Coffee Badging is a workplace trend or cultural label that reflects how people are responding to expectations around flexibility, wellbeing, productivity, and office norms in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Cognitive computing refers to technology platforms that use artificial intelligence and machine learning to simulate human thought processes.

Collaborative learning is a group-based approach where employees work together to solve problems, share knowledge, and develop skills collectively.

Collective bargaining is the negotiation process between employers and trade unions to agree on wages, benefits, hours, and working conditions.

Commission Pay is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Commission is a form of variable compensation paid to employees based on the volume or value of sales they generate.

Common-Law Employee is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The IRS uses a set of rules called the Common-Law Test to determine whether workers are independent contractors or employees.

Compa-Ratio is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Company core values are the fundamental principles and beliefs that guide employee behaviour, decision-making, and workplace culture across an organisation.

Company culture is the shared values, attitudes, practices, and social behaviours that define the everyday experience of working within an organisation.

Employees are granted time off for compassionate reasons when a close relative or other family member passes away.

An employee's regular salary or hourly rate, as well as any other forms of payment like [overtime](/hr-glossary/overtime/), bonuses, retirement

Compensatory time off, also called comp time, is an optional method of compensating workers who put in extra hours.

The practice of identifying critical abilities (competencies) needed by personnel to achieve short- and long-term goals for a company is known as

Competency modelling defines the knowledge, skills, and behaviours needed for success in a role, informing hiring, development, and performance management.

Competency-based pay is a compensation model that rewards employees according to their demonstrated skills, knowledge, and abilities rather than job title.

Competency-based training measures learner progress by demonstrated skill mastery rather than time spent, ensuring job-ready proficiency.

Competitive advantage refers to the attributes or capabilities that allow an organisation to outperform its rivals in the market.

Compressed Workweek is a working pattern or scheduling concept that defines when, where, or how employees perform their work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

When a company ends an employee's employment agreement due to business needs rather than difficulties with conduct or performance, this is referred

Conditions of employment are the guidelines the employer and the employee agree to follow when working for the same organization.

A confidentiality agreement is a legally binding contract in which one or both parties agree not to disclose specified information to third parties.

Confirmation Letter is an employment event, administrative action, or formal document used to record or manage changes in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Conflict resolution is the informal or formal process that two or more parties use to settle their disagreements amicably.

Constructive discharge, a type of unlawful termination in which an employer's actions cause an uncomfortable circumstance that leaves an employee

Constructive feedback is specific, observation-based guidance given to employees to help them improve performance, skills, or workplace behaviour.

When a company uses a contract recruiter or staffing agency to identify candidates for a vacant position, this is known as contingent recruiting.

Someone who works for an organization but is not officially hired as an employee is known as a contingent worker.

Professionals retain and grow their skills, knowledge, experience, and understanding through continuous professional development (CPD).

Contract Lifecycle Management is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Convertible Notes is an ownership or financing concept that shapes how equity is granted, valued, diluted, or earned over time in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Core competencies are known as the skills and benefits that set a company or person apart from the competition.

Core HR (Core Human Resources) is a catch-all phrase that refers to the primary duties of the HR department, the information it gathers about the

The idea that your work makes a lasting and noticeable influence on past, present, and future employees by just existing is referred to as corporate culture.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a corporate strategy that enables an organization to uphold its social obligations to its stakeholders, the

Cost-per-hire is a recruitment metric that measures the total cost associated with filling a job vacancy, divided by the number of hires made.

Cover Letter is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A CP 575 letter is an IRS confirmation notice that verifies a newly assigned Employer Identification Number (EIN) for a business entity.

The CPP (Certified Payroll Professional) designation certifies expertise in payroll processing, compliance, tax regulations, and payroll software systems.

Cross-functional teams bring together employees from different departments to collaborate on shared projects, goals, or business challenges.

Crowdsourcing gathers ideas, solutions, or contributions from a large group of people, often used in HR for innovation, feedback, and recruitment.

CTC (Cost to Company) is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The possibility that a job applicant can fit in and adapt to the fundamental values and group behaviors that make up a business is known as cultural fit.

The cultural web model is a framework by Johnson and Scholes that maps six elements shaping an organisation's culture and employee experience.

Cut Off Date is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Data Processing Agreement (DPA) is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A data protection policy outlines how an organisation collects, stores, processes, and safeguards personal and sensitive data in compliance with regulations.

De Minimis Rule is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A deduction is an amount withheld from an employee’s gross pay for taxes, benefits, retirement contributions, or other authorised purposes.

Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that uses multi-layered neural networks to model complex patterns in large datasets.

Deferred compensation is an arrangement where a portion of an employee’s pay is set aside and distributed at a future date, often for tax advantages.

A defined benefit plan is an employer-sponsored retirement plan guaranteeing a set monthly payout based on salary history and years of service.

A defined contribution plan is a retirement plan where employer and employee contributions are invested, with benefits depending on investment performance.

Delayering is an organisational planning concept used to shape structure, decision-making, workforce capacity, and long-term people strategy in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Dependent care benefits are employer-provided programs that help employees cover the cost of caring for children, elderly parents, or other dependents.

Digital Nomadism is a working pattern or scheduling concept that defines when, where, or how employees perform their work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Digitization is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Diluted Shares is an ownership or financing concept that shapes how equity is granted, valued, diluted, or earned over time in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Direct deposit is an electronic payment method where an employer transfers wages directly into an employee's bank account on payday.

Direct marketing is a form of communication that reaches individuals directly through channels such as email, SMS, direct mail, or targeted digital advertising.

Direct reports are employees who report directly to a specific manager or supervisor and receive work assignments and performance reviews from them.

Direct Threat is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The right for persons with physical or mental impairment to take a leave of absence from work or to reasonable accommodation.

Disciplinary actions are formal steps an employer takes to address employee misconduct or policy violations, ranging from warnings to termination.

A step in the disciplinary procedure made to determine if a disciplinary action is needed to be made against an employee.

Discretionary bonuses are unplanned financial rewards an employer grants at their own judgement, not promised in an employment contract or policy.

Discrimination in the workplace occurs when an employee or applicant is treated unfavourably because of a protected characteristic.

Disease management is a coordinated healthcare approach that helps employees with chronic conditions improve health outcomes and lower care costs.

Disparate effect, also called disparate impact, occurs when a neutral employment policy disproportionately disadvantages members of a protected group.

Disparate treatment is intentional workplace discrimination where an employer treats an individual less favourably because of a protected characteristic.

Disposable earnings are the portion of an employee’s pay remaining after legally required deductions such as taxes and social security contributions.

A disregarded entity is a business structure that is not treated as separate from its owner for federal income tax filing and reporting purposes.

Distance learning is a training method where employees and instructors are in separate locations, with content delivered through digital technology.

Diversity is a diversity, equity, inclusion, or belonging concept that shapes how people are treated, represented, and supported at work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

An action to promote diversity in the workplace with the inclusion of employees with different cultural backgrounds.

Diversity training is a workplace programme that builds awareness of bias and develops skills for working effectively across different backgrounds.

Document Management System is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Domestic HRM covers all human resource management activities conducted within a single country, governed by one set of national labour laws and norms.

Downshifting is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Dual Career Ladder/Track is an organisational planning concept used to shape structure, decision-making, workforce capacity, and long-term people strategy in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A theory pertaining to the division of the American economy into two categories: Primary Sector and Secondary Sector

Due diligence in HR is the thorough review of people-related risks, contracts, and compliance conducted before major business decisions like mergers.

The duties test is an FLSA assessment that evaluates an employee's actual job responsibilities to determine whether they qualify as exempt from overtime.

E-learning is the delivery of training and educational content through electronic media, primarily via the internet or an organisation's intranet.

E-recruitment is the use of internet-based technologies and platforms to attract, assess, and hire candidates.

Low-income employees are eligible for the Earned Income Credit, which they can apply for when filing their tax returns.

Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Earnings represent a company's net income or profit after all operating costs, taxes, and expenses have been deducted from total revenue.

EDD Disability is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

EDLI is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

EEO-1 Survey is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

EEOC is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

EFTPS is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Eggshell Economy is a workplace trend or cultural label that reflects how people are responding to expectations around flexibility, wellbeing, productivity, and office norms in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is a standardised method for exchanging business documents such as payroll data and invoices between systems.

EFT, also known as an electronic funds transfer, is most often utilized in connection with the electronic remittance of federal and state taxes.

Emergency leave is time off granted to employees who face sudden, unforeseeable situations such as a family crisis, medical emergency, or natural disaster.

Emergency Paid Leave is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The capacity to understand, articulate, and effectively handle one's emotions and those of others is known as emotional intelligence.

Emotional Salary is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Employee is an employment event, administrative action, or formal document used to record or manage changes in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A company's free, confidential services, support, and help are provided to its employees during trying times through an employee assistance program (EAP).

Employee benefits are non-wage types of remuneration that draw workers to your business, persuade them to join, and retain them over the long term.

The process of deciding and overseeing the benefits a firm offers its employees is known as employee benefits administration.

Employee Clearance is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

An employee database is a digital filing cabinet that HR specialists use to keep track of important employee data, such as name, job title, pay, hire

Employee deductions are amounts withheld from an employee's gross pay for taxes, benefits, retirement contributions, and other authorised purposes.

Employee Directories is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A management philosophy known as employee empowerment strongly emphasizes the value of giving people the freedom to make and carry out their own decisions.

Employee engagement measures the emotional commitment and motivation workers feel toward their organisation, roles, and colleagues.

A performance review, sometimes referred to as an employee evaluation, is a periodic assessment of a worker's performance by their boss.

Employee experience encompasses every interaction, perception, and feeling a worker has with their employer from recruitment through to departure.

A company's mission, vision, values, rules, procedures, and workplace code of conduct are all detailed in an employee handbook.

Employee ID Number is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Employee Leasing is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The employee life cycle model maps the key stages of an employee's journey: attraction, recruitment, onboarding, development, retention, and separation.

Employee Lifetime Value is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The goal of employee management is to support employees in doing their best work each day to assist the firm in reaching its overall objectives.

Employer Net Promoter Score, or eNPS, is a grading scheme created to assist companies in assessing employee loyalty and happiness inside their organizations.

Employee onboarding is the structured process of integrating new hires into an organisation through training, socialisation, and administrative setup.

Employee orientation is the initial process of introducing new hires to their workplace, covering company policies, culture, and role expectations.

An employee recognition program is a structured initiative that rewards and acknowledges employees for achievements, milestones, and outstanding contributions.

Employee Referral Program is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

An organization's attempts to build and maintain a good relationship with its employees are referred to as employee relations.

Employee Resource Groups (ERGs) is a diversity, equity, inclusion, or belonging concept that shapes how people are treated, represented, and supported at work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Employee retention refers to an organisation's ability to keep its workforce and minimise voluntary and involuntary turnover over a given period.

Employee Retention Tax Credit is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Employee satisfaction gauges how content employees are with their roles, work environment, compensation, and overall experience at their organisation.

Employee Self Service is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Employee Tenure is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A new hire's place in the organization's procedures, technical systems, and other fundamentals are all covered in an employee training program.

Employee Transfer is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The number of employees that leave a company during a given period, usually one year, is referred to as employee turnover or employee turnover rate.

Employee types relate to the various kinds of workers that an organization could take into account employing to carry out a specific task or role

Employer branding is the strategy of shaping how current and prospective employees perceive an organisation as a place to work.

An employer identification number (EIN) is a unique number that the Internal Revenue Service issues to a company.

Employer of Record (EOR) is an international employment, mobility, or immigration term used when organisations hire, relocate, sponsor, or support workers across borders in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Employer payroll taxes, which include Social Security tax, Medicare tax, federal unemployment tax, and state unemployment tax, are the components of

The main perks offered by your business that make up your more prominent employer brand are known as an employer value proposition (EVP).

Employment Conditions is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

An agreement or term of hire that establishes the terms and conditions of an employee's employment is known as a contract of work or employment contract.

Employment status is a generic word to describe a person's relationship with their current or previous employer in the United States.

Employment Verification Letter is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Environmental Scan is an organisational planning concept used to shape structure, decision-making, workforce capacity, and long-term people strategy in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

An organization's Equal Opportunities Policy outlines its commitment to treating all employees fairly, regardless of:

Equal Opportunity Employer is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Equity (DEI) is a diversity, equity, inclusion, or belonging concept that shapes how people are treated, represented, and supported at work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Equity Grant is an ownership or financing concept that shapes how equity is granted, valued, diluted, or earned over time in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Equity Incentive Plans is an ownership or financing concept that shapes how equity is granted, valued, diluted, or earned over time in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Equity Philosophy is an ownership or financing concept that shapes how equity is granted, valued, diluted, or earned over time in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Equity vs Equality is a diversity, equity, inclusion, or belonging concept that shapes how people are treated, represented, and supported at work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Essential Job Functions is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

For certain types of insurance, health insurance carriers require evidence of insurability, or EOI, proof of excellent health.

Ex Gratia Payment is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Executive compensation is the total pay package for senior leaders, combining base salary, bonuses, equity awards, benefits, and perquisites.

Executive search is a specialised recruitment service used to source and hire senior-level and executive candidates for an organisation.

An exempt employee is a worker classified under the FLSA as not eligible for overtime pay, based on salary level and job duties criteria.

An exemption is a tax provision that reduces or eliminates the obligation to pay tax on a portion of income, based on eligibility criteria.

An exit interview is a structured conversation held when an employee leaves, used to gather feedback and understand reasons for departure.

An expatriate is an employee who is sent by their employer to live and work in a foreign country, typically for a defined assignment period.

Extrinsic Reward is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Factor Comparison is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is a US federal law that establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and child labour standards.

Featherbedding is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Holidays designated by the federal government of which both federal government and non-essential government agency employees have a paid day off.

A Federal ID Number, also called an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a nine-digit number the IRS assigns to identify business tax accounts.

Federal Income Tax (FIT) is a tax levied by the US government on the annual earnings of individuals, businesses, and other entities based on income level.

Federal Income Tax Withholding (FITW) is the portion of federal income tax an employer deducts from each employee’s paycheck on behalf of the IRS.

The Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) mandates payroll taxes that fund Social Security and Medicare for US employees and employers.

An amount that employees can take away from their federal income taxes for the costs of operating a vehicle for business, medical, charitable, or

The federal minimum wage is the lowest hourly rate that employers in the United States are legally required to pay covered, non-exempt workers.

A federal tax deposit is the required payment an employer makes to the IRS for withheld income taxes, Social Security, and Medicare contributions.

The Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) is a US law that requires employers to pay a federal tax used to fund state unemployment insurance programmes.

Five Factor Model is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Type of [employment contract](/hr-glossary/employment-contract/) that has a predetermined end date for the contract to expire, establishing an

Flat Tax Withholding is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Flexible Remuneration is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A tax-exempt financial account designated for certain out-of-pocket health care costs, resulting in payroll tax savings

A work environment that implements responsive and adaptive scheme addressing the dynamic conditions within the company

Flextime is a working pattern or scheduling concept that defines when, where, or how employees perform their work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A floating holiday is a paid day off that employees can take at their discretion, rather than on a fixed date set by the employer.

Refers to whether an employee is exempt (not eligible for overtime) or nonexempt (eligible for overtime) according to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)

Law requiring businesses to grant employees up to twelve workweeks of unpaid leave annually for health and family reasons.

Forced ranking is a performance appraisal method where managers must rate employees along a fixed distribution curve of top, average, and low.

Forecasting is an organisational planning concept used to shape structure, decision-making, workforce capacity, and long-term people strategy in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Used to figure and pay estimated tax which is the method used to pay tax on income not subject to withholding.

Form 1042-S is an IRS document used to report US-source income paid to foreign persons and entities that is subject to federal tax withholding.

Form 1095-C / Form 1096 is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Form 1099 is an IRS information return used to report various types of non-employment income, such as freelance earnings, interest, and dividends.

Reports distributions made from a health Savings Account (HSA), Archer Medical Savings Account (Archer MSA), or Medicare Advantage Medical Savings

A tax return form for businesses classified as S corporations to avoid double taxation at both the corporate and personal level.

Form 12B (India) is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Form 12C (India) is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A tax form that a corporation can file to elect taxation as an S corporation which also provides documentation of the effective date of the S

A report of amounts used for Health Savings Account (HSA), Archer Medical Savings Account, or Medicare Advantage Medical Savings Account sent by the

Form 8109 was a paper federal tax deposit coupon that businesses used to submit employment taxes to the IRS before electronic filing became mandatory.

A form used by [non-resident alien](/hr-glossary/non-resident-alien/) or foreign individuals to get exemption from

Also known as application for Extension of Time to File Information Returns and used by businesses and individuals to request an extension of the due

Also known as Entity Classification Election and used to elect how an entity will be classified for federal tax purposes (as a corporation, a

Form 940 is the annual IRS return that employers file to report and pay Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) obligations for the prior year.

Also known as Employer’s Quarterly Tax Form, an essential tax form for businesses to report federal withholdings from employees.

Form 942 is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Also known as Employment Eligibility Verification which is used to validate the identity and employment authorization of individuals hired for

Form W-9 is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

These forms are used to report whether applicable large employers (ALEs) have offered health coverage to each of their employees and whether those

A type of business that permits franchisors to sell its products or services under its name brand and business model.

Freedom of association is the workplace right that allows employees to form or join trade unions and bargain collectively with their employer.

These are also known as employee benefits which are add-on benefits that supplement an employee’s normal salary

This is intended to give compensation for a period of time that is sufficient to allow the wronged employee an opportunity to find similar employment.

The maximum pre-tax amounts both employers and employees are allowed to contribute to a Flexible Spending Account (FSA).

Refers to the number of considered [full-time hours](/hr-glossary/full-time-hours/) and its calculation is based on total worked hours divided by the

A classification set by law to determine a reasonable standard for working hours and to specify the maximum hours employees can work in a single week.

Fully Insured Plan is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A gag clause is a contractual term that prevents an employee from disclosing details about their employer, workplace conditions, or settlement terms.

Gamification in HR uses game-design elements like points, badges, and leaderboards to boost employee engagement in training, recruitment, and performance.

When an employer requests that an employee not report to work after giving notice, this is known as a "garden leave" request.

Garnishment, also known as wage garnishment, is when money is forcibly taken out of your salary and delivered to another person.

GDPR is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Gen C is a workplace trend or cultural label that reflects how people are responding to expectations around flexibility, wellbeing, productivity, and office norms in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Gender Expression is a diversity, equity, inclusion, or belonging concept that shapes how people are treated, represented, and supported at work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Gender Identity is a diversity, equity, inclusion, or belonging concept that shapes how people are treated, represented, and supported at work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The gender pay gap is the difference in average earnings between men and women, typically expressed as a percentage of men's earnings.

General Accounting Ledger is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Generation X refers to the demographic cohort born between 1965 and 1980, positioned between baby boomers and millennials in the workforce.

The generational group born between 1981 and 1996 is referred to as Generation Y, often known as Gen Y or millennials.

Generation Z, born roughly between 1997 and 2012, is the newest cohort entering the workforce, known for digital fluency and diversity.

Genetic-Based Discrimination is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Gig Economy / Gig Worker is a workplace trend or cultural label that reflects how people are responding to expectations around flexibility, wellbeing, productivity, and office norms in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The "glass ceiling" metaphor refers to the unseen barrier that keeps minorities and women from achieving executive and leadership roles in businesses.

Global Accessibility is an international employment, mobility, or immigration term used when organisations hire, relocate, sponsor, or support workers across borders in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Global HR is an international employment, mobility, or immigration term used when organisations hire, relocate, sponsor, or support workers across borders in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Global HRM covers the strategies and practices for managing employees across multiple countries, including compliance, mobility, and cross-cultural issues.

Global Mobility Services is an international employment, mobility, or immigration term used when organisations hire, relocate, sponsor, or support workers across borders in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Golden Handcuffs is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Author and psychologist Daniel Goleman established the six basic leadership styles based on various facets of emotional intelligence as a result of his study.

When a company entity is in good standing, it has fulfilled all legal obligations, including paying fees and filing papers with the U.S.

Gratuity is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Great Gloom is a workplace trend or cultural label that reflects how people are responding to expectations around flexibility, wellbeing, productivity, and office norms in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Great Resignation is a workplace trend or cultural label that reflects how people are responding to expectations around flexibility, wellbeing, productivity, and office norms in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Green Status Effect is a workplace trend or cultural label that reflects how people are responding to expectations around flexibility, wellbeing, productivity, and office norms in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Grievances at work are formal complaints raised by employees over issues such as policy violations, contract breaches, or workplace bullying.

In the context of a business, gross amounts are the total quantity of something, often income from a business or a person, before any taxes,

Gross income is the total sum of money a company, an individual, or a contractor makes over a specific period.

Gross misconduct is serious employee behaviour that fundamentally breaches the employment contract and may justify immediate dismissal without notice.

Gross pay is the total amount an employee earns in a pay period before any deductions for taxes, benefits, or other withholdings are applied.

A gross and net income comparison shows how much an employer pays an employee (gross) and how much the employee keeps after deductions (net).

Gross wages represent the total compensation an employee earns before deductions such as federal and state taxes, benefits, and retirement contributions.

Through a procedure known as "gross-to-net," net pay is determined by deducting reductions and deductions from each employee's gross pay.

A gross-up is an additional payment an employer provides to offset the tax liability on a benefit or bonus so the employee receives the intended net amount.

Group dynamics refers to the behavioural and psychological processes that occur within a group or between groups in the workplace.

In a typical group interview, one hiring manager interviews several candidates, or several hiring managers/stakeholders interview one candidate.

Sir John Whitmore, Graham Alexander, and Alan Fine were the co-creators of the GROW model, which was developed in the 1980s.

A growth mindset in the workplace is the belief that abilities and skills can be developed through effort, learning, and persistence rather than fixed talent.

H-1B Visas is an international employment, mobility, or immigration term used when organisations hire, relocate, sponsor, or support workers across borders in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Halo/Horn Effect is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Harassment is unwelcome conduct based on a protected characteristic that creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment.

The Hawthorne Effect describes how employees may change their behaviour and improve performance simply because they know they are being observed.

Headcount is an organisational planning concept used to shape structure, decision-making, workforce capacity, and long-term people strategy in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A network health insurance plan which provides health services via a network of physicians for a monthly or annual fee.

This is a tax-advantaged health plan that employers use to reimburse employees for particular approved dental and medical expenses.

A type of savings account for individuals with high-deductible health plans to save for medical expenses that aren't covered by those plans.

The Hierarchy of Needs is Maslow's five-level motivational framework, from physiological basics to self-actualisation, widely applied in HR strategy.

These are employees with the potential, ability, and motivation to rise to a senior level within a company and succeed once they get there.

HIPAA is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

This refers to the alternative [compensation](/hr-glossary/compensation/) an employer gives employees during holiday that may be a fully or partially

A holiday request form is a document employees submit to formally request time off from work, allowing managers to approve or decline leave in advance.

Horizontal Organization is an organisational planning concept used to shape structure, decision-making, workforce capacity, and long-term people strategy in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Host-country nationals are employees who are citizens of the country in which a foreign subsidiary or branch of a multinational organisation is located.

Hostile Work Environment is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

An hourly employee is a worker paid at a fixed rate for each hour worked, typically eligible for overtime pay under the FLSA beyond 40 hours per week.

Calculated based on the product of the hourly salary multiplied by the number of hours worked each week multiplied by 52 weeks each year.

A conversion used to calculate how much an employee’s salary would be based on their hourly pay by adding up the number of hours an employee works in

Hourly to yearly is the conversion of an employee's hourly wage into an equivalent annual salary, commonly used for budgeting and compensation comparisons.

This refers to the basis of Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) wages determined by the actual number of hours an employee works.

An experienced HR professional who works directly with a company's senior leadership to direct and create an HR agenda that closely supports

HR Consulting is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

This tracks and reports on HR-related metrics shown using graphs, charts or lists based on how the business is performing.

HR Gap Analysis is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

HR Generalist is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

This term refers to key performance indicators based on human resource metrics, which HR teams use to track how successfully they are helping their

An internal gateway designed to help employees find organizational information including documentation and employee data, headcount, absences, and

HR Process is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

These are made up of HR core tasks, including scheduling, recruitment, payroll, benefits, internal relations, training and compliance, amongst others.

HR Reporting is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

This refers to the function within a company serving as a support channel for employees who have questions and requests.

A digital solution for organizing and optimizing the daily HR tasks and goals, helping HR staff and leaders to better use their time and resources

This refers to a document or a plan the HR or People Team put together to align the objectives of the HR department with the goals of the business,

HR Talent Sourcing is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

This refers to the maximum dollar amount an individual is allowed to contribute each year to a health savings account (HSA).

A concept of using money from a health savings account to repay qualified medical expenses that were made out of pocket, usually because the total

This refers to the methods an organization implements in recruiting, managing, developing, and optimizing employees to improve their value to the company.

An objective evaluation an organization’s HR department undergoes to determine the legality, adequacy, and effectiveness of their policies, processes

Human Resource Management is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Human Resource Outsourcing is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Human Resources Analytics / People Analytics is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A software solution for HR to organize all employee information like name, address, social security number, birthdate, employment status.

A digital personal assistant that helps HR manage employee functions, including calculating and communicating time-off,

Hushed Hybrid is a workplace trend or cultural label that reflects how people are responding to expectations around flexibility, wellbeing, productivity, and office norms in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Hybrid Organization is an organisational planning concept used to shape structure, decision-making, workforce capacity, and long-term people strategy in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Hybrid recruiting combines in-person and online recruitment methods to widen talent reach and streamline the hiring process.

A flexible work environment where an employee can spend some days of the week working remotely and the other days in the office.

Hybrid Workspace is a working pattern or scheduling concept that defines when, where, or how employees perform their work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

IBAN Number is an international employment, mobility, or immigration term used when organisations hire, relocate, sponsor, or support workers across borders in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

ICHRA is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The procedure through which tax is withheld after employees get their earnings or perks is referred to as "impute."

Imputed income refers to non-cash employee benefits, such as company cars or gym memberships, that are taxable as part of total income.

In-Kind Benefits is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Incentive pay is variable compensation designed to motivate and reward employees for achieving specific performance targets or behaviours.

Incentive-Based Compensation is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

No matter their origin, inclusion refers to the actions or behaviors that make everyone feel accepted in a particular setting.

A person who has a contract to do services for a company but is not an employee of that company is referred to as an independent contractor.

Indirect compensation encompasses non-cash benefits and perks provided to employees beyond their base salary, such as insurance and retirement plans.

The purpose of an induction checklist is to assure timely coverage of the induction process, prevent the omission of information, and outline the

Industrial Psychology is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Inflation is the rate at which prices for goods and services rise over time, affecting purchasing power, wages, and compensation planning.

Informal communication is the casual, unofficial exchange of information among employees that occurs outside formal organisational channels.

A court order forbidding a business or person from acting in a certain way is called injunction relief, injunctive relief, or simply an injunction.

Inpatriate is an international employment, mobility, or immigration term used when organisations hire, relocate, sponsor, or support workers across borders in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Instructional design is the systematic creation of training programmes by analysing learner needs, setting objectives, and building structured content.

Insubordination at work is an employee's deliberate refusal to follow reasonable management instructions or comply with workplace authority.

An internal knowledge base is a centralised digital repository where organisations store company procedures, policies, and institutional knowledge.

When a corporation decides to only post job openings internally or make them available to current employees, this is known as internal recruitment.

International HRM is the process of managing human resources in an organisation that operates across national borders.

International PEO is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

International remote hiring is the practice of recruiting and employing workers in other countries to work remotely for your organisation.

Internship is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Interpersonal Skills is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Interview feedback is the structured evaluation and comments provided to or about a candidate following a job interview, guiding hiring decisions.

IoT (Internet of Things) connects physical workplace devices with sensors and software to collect data that supports HR and operations.

J-1 Visas is an international employment, mobility, or immigration term used when organisations hire, relocate, sponsor, or support workers across borders in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A summary of the requirements of a position, packaged together with the core and fringe benefits that the company offers.

An examination of a role within a company that looks at the responsibilities included in the job, the qualifications to perform its duties, how it

A system designed to classify all jobs within a company and put them in a standardized scale based on the overall responsibilities, pay level, and

Job Costing is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Job Description is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The process of determining the exact duties and responsibilities within the scope of a job, as well as the systems and processes used to complete tasks.

This is when an employee does not feel content in their job due to several professional and personal reasons like poor management, lack of

A [job design](/hr-glossary/job-design/) that involves adding extra aspects to a job to make it more interesting and motivating, allowing employees

Job Evaluation is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A document that formalizes the offer of a job position to a job seeker, which details the terms and conditions discussed or agreed upon at the interview stage.

Job Ranking is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Job Reference Immunity Statutes is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

These are guides used for email sent to a potential applicant letting the candidate know they did not get the job.

A form or document used for requesting to hire new employees, from a department manager or other leader in the organization

A strategy allowing employees to work in a variety of different roles and departments within the company instead of sticking to one specific position.

Job Shadowing is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Job Shift Shock is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The Johari Window is a four-quadrant framework for improving self-awareness and interpersonal communication in teams and leadership.

Just-Cause Termination is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Key Employee is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Key Result Areas is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The Kirkpatrick Model is a widely recognized tool for assessing and analyzing the outcomes of educational, training and learning initiatives.

Knowledge management is the systematic process of capturing, organising, sharing, and applying organisational knowledge to improve decision-making.

Knowledge Management System is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

KSAs (Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities) are the attributes required for successful performance in a particular role.

Labor Certification is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The total number of people currently employed plus the number of unemployed people who are seeking employment.

The labor market is the economic environment where employers seek workers and job seekers compete for positions, shaped by supply and demand.

Labor turnover measures the rate at which employees leave an organisation and are replaced over a given period, indicating workforce stability.

Labour Law is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Layoff is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Lazy Girl Job is a workplace trend or cultural label that reflects how people are responding to expectations around flexibility, wellbeing, productivity, and office norms in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Leadership behaviors are the observable traits, actions, and habits that define how leaders influence, motivate, and guide their teams effectively.

Leadership development is the process of enhancing an individual's capacity to lead effectively through structured programmes, experiences, and support.

A program that provides employees with the skills and knowledge they need to grow in their roles and help them contribute to the growth of the company.

A learning management system is a software platform used to create, deliver, manage, and track employee training and development programmes.

Learning styles describe the different ways individuals prefer to absorb and process new information, such as visual, auditory, or hands-on methods.

Leave accrual processing is the method HR uses to calculate, track, and manage the accumulation of employee leave entitlements over time.

Leave management software automates time-off requests, approvals, and tracking for all types of employee leave within an organisation.

The amount of time which employees can spend away from their normal work schedule without jeopardizing their job standing.

Also known as an employment verification letter, this is made by an employer to verify an employee’s working status, confirming the employee’s job

A formal notice given to an employee informing them that they will be dismissed from their current employment.

Limited Purpose FSA is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A lump sum payment is a one-time payment made to an employee rather than being distributed over multiple pay periods.

Machine learning enables computer systems to learn from data and improve over time, with HR applications in hiring, retention, and workforce planning.

For firms with computerized payroll systems, magnetic media reporting provides an alternative to filing returns and forms on paper.

Malicious Compliance is a workplace trend or cultural label that reflects how people are responding to expectations around flexibility, wellbeing, productivity, and office norms in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Managed care is a healthcare system that organises providers into networks and controls costs through HMOs, PPOs, and other plan structures.

Management by objective (MBO) is a goal-setting approach where managers and employees jointly define measurable targets aligned with business goals.

A manager's approach to achieving goals, particularly regarding the staff members they supervise, is referred to as their management style.

Management Training is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Mandatory Benefits is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A type of employee leave taken by those legally classified as employees during the birth of a child is known as maternity leave.

Matrix Organization is an organisational planning concept used to shape structure, decision-making, workforce capacity, and long-term people strategy in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) classifies individuals into 16 personality types and is widely used in workplace team building and development.

Meal Voucher Cards is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The mean wage is the average wage calculated by dividing the total wages paid to a group of workers by the number of workers in that group.

Median wage is the midpoint salary in a pay distribution, used by HR professionals for benchmarking compensation and assessing pay equity.

A medical leave of absence is employer-approved time away from work for employees dealing with serious health conditions that prevent them from working.

Medicare Part D is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Medicare Tax is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The amount of your income subject to Medicare tax withholding is listed in the W-2 form's Medicare wages and tips section.

Mental health at work refers to the psychological wellbeing of employees and how workplace conditions affect their emotional and cognitive functioning.

Mentoring is a developmental relationship in which a more experienced individual provides guidance, advice, and support to a less experienced colleague.

Merit Increase is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Merit pay links salary increases or bonuses directly to individual employee performance, rewarding top performers with higher compensation.

Metrics is an organisational planning concept used to shape structure, decision-making, workforce capacity, and long-term people strategy in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Micromanagement is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Military leave from work is job-protected time off granted to employees fulfilling active or reserve military service duties under federal law.

The term "millennial" refers to a demographic cohort or age group, also referred to as "Generation Y," who became adults around the turn of the millennium.

Mindfulness at work is the practice of maintaining present-moment awareness to reduce stress, improve focus, and enhance employee wellbeing.

Following the Fair Labor Standards Act, the minimum wage is the lowest salary an employer may offer to an hourly worker (FLSA).

Minority Business Enterprise (MBE) is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Mission Statement is an organisational planning concept used to shape structure, decision-making, workforce capacity, and long-term people strategy in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Mobile recruiting is a talent acquisition strategy that optimises the recruitment process for smartphones and mobile devices.

A MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) is an accessible online course designed for large-scale participation, often used for employee upskilling.

Morale is the overall attitude, satisfaction, and confidence that employees feel towards their work, colleagues, and organisation.

Motivational theories explain what drives employee behaviour and help organisations design strategies that boost engagement and performance.

Multiposting allows recruiters to publish a single job advertisement across multiple job boards and platforms simultaneously, saving time and expanding reach.

Negligent Hiring is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Negligent Referral is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Negligent Retention is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Nepotism is when those in authority give preferential treatment to people they know, usually their relatives and friends.

After all deductions and withholdings have been made, the employer issues the employee's or non-employee contractor's net pay.

A new hire report is information sent to a US state regarding a new or previously employed employee in that state.

Newsjacking is the practice of capitalising on current news stories or trending topics to promote a brand's message or content.

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field of artificial intelligence that enables computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language.

A non-disclosure agreement (NDA) is a legally binding contract that establishes a confidential relationship between parties.

Non-discrimination testing is a group of IRS-mandated examinations that assess the fairness of a company's benefit programs.

Non-Exempt Employee is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Non-qualified plans are employer-sponsored, tax-deferred retirement savings plans that fall outside ERISA regulations, often used to retain senior executives.

A non-resident alien is a foreign national who has not passed the Green Card or substantial presence test, carrying distinct tax obligations.

Noncompete Agreement is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Nondiscretionary Bonus is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The amount of time before your departure from a company that your employer is informed of is known as a notice period.

Nudge theory uses subtle behavioral cues and gentle guidance to encourage people toward better decisions without restricting their choices.

OASDI is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Occupational health focuses on preventing workplace illness and injury while promoting employee physical and mental well-being on the job.

Occupational stress is the physical and emotional strain employees experience due to workplace duties, conditions, or pressures over time.

Off-Cycle Payroll is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Offboarding formally severs a worker from the company employed due to their resignation, dismissal, or retirement.

Offshoring is the practice of relocating business processes or functions to a different country, typically to reduce costs or access specialised talent.

OKR (Objectives and Key Results) is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

On-Call Schedule is a working pattern or scheduling concept that defines when, where, or how employees perform their work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

On-Demand Pay is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

On-target earnings (OTE) represent the total expected annual compensation when an employee meets their sales or performance targets.

On-the-job training is a hands-on learning method where employees develop skills by performing real tasks under the guidance of a mentor.

Onboarding is the structured process of integrating new hires into a company, helping them understand their role and become productive team members.

One-way interviews let candidates record video responses to pre-set questions on their own time, helping recruiters screen applicants efficiently.

Open Door Policy is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

An operating budget projects a company's expected revenue and day-to-day expenses for an upcoming period, guiding financial planning decisions.

An operations manager oversees daily business processes, optimizing workflows and resource allocation to ensure efficient organizational performance.

An org chart is a visual diagram that maps out a company's reporting structure, showing roles, teams, and hierarchical relationships.

Organic search results are the unpaid listings that appear on a search engine results page based on relevance to the user's query.

Organizational Change is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) is the term used to describe employee actions that affect the business.

Company culture, sometimes called organizational culture, refers to the values, norms, and ways of doing things that influence how people behave at work.

Organizational development (OD) is a scientifically grounded concept of change in organizations that places the needs of its constituents first.

Organizational values are the core guiding principles that shape a company's culture, decision-making, and interactions with employees and stakeholders.

A record of work-related illnesses and injuries, including their severity, the employee who was harmed, the time the incident took place, and other

OSHA Form 301 is the Injury and Illness Incident Report that employers must complete for every recordable workplace accident, illness, or death.

Employees leaving a firm are sometimes offered outplacement services through one-on-one sessions, group coaching, or several sessions over time.

Outside Services Expenses is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Outsourcing is the practice of contracting a business function or process to an external third-party provider rather than performing it in-house.

Overhead Cost is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Extra compensation for hours worked over the typical 40-hour workweek is called overtime (i.e., seven consecutive 24-hour periods).

A P and L statement, or profit and loss statement, summarizes a company’s revenues, costs, and expenses over a specific financial period.

Paid holidays are designated days off where employees receive their regular wages, either mandated by law or offered as a company benefit.

Paid Sick Leave is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Refers to the policy in most companies that allows employees to accumulate sick days, vacation days, and personal days for use as needed or desired.

Parent-country nationals (PCNs) are employees sent from a multinational's home country to work at a foreign subsidiary or branch office.

Parental Leave is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A Pareto chart combines a bar chart with a cumulative line to show which factors have the greatest impact, based on the 80/20 principle.

Part-time hours refer to a work schedule where employees are contracted to work fewer hours per week than the standard full-time threshold.

Partial pay is compensation that amounts to less than an employee's full expected wages, often due to leave, reduced hours, or disciplinary action.

A passive candidate is a professional who is not actively job searching but may be open to the right opportunity if approached by a recruiter.

Paternity Leave is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

PCORI fees are annual charges paid by health insurers and self-insured employers to fund comparative clinical effectiveness research in the US.

Pay Benchmarking is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Pay calculation is the process of determining an employee’s net pay by applying deductions, taxes, and withholdings to their gross earnings.

Pay Compression is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Pay Equity is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Pay Grade is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A pay group is a classification that organizes employees with shared payroll characteristics, such as pay frequency or location, for processing.

A pay period is the recurring time frame, such as weekly or biweekly, used to calculate employee wages and schedule payroll disbursements.

Pay Range is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Pay Review is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A pay stub is a document issued with each paycheck that details an employee’s gross pay, deductions, taxes, and net take-home amount.

Pay Transparency is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Pay-per-click (PPC) is a digital advertising model where the advertiser pays a fee each time their advertisement is clicked.

Payroll is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Consist of record keeping, new employee reporting, check processing, state and local tax compilation, and payments.

Payroll Cycle is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

This refers to the amount deducted from an employee’s gross pay to cover taxes and benefits, like health insurance.

Payroll Liabilities is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Payroll Register is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Payroll Report is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Payroll Security is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A payroll service is a third-party provider that manages payroll processing, tax filings, and wage calculations on behalf of an employer.

Payroll software is an application that automates wage calculations, tax withholdings, and payment disbursements for an organization's workforce.

Payroll Tax is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Deductions made from an employee’s paycheck for federal income tax, state income tax, Social Security, and Medicare.

People Operations is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Per diem is a fixed daily allowance employers provide to employees to cover meals, lodging, and incidental expenses during business travel.

Performance Bonus is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Performance improvement is a structured approach to identifying performance gaps and implementing targeted actions to help employees meet expectations.

Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Performance management is the ongoing process of setting goals, monitoring progress, and developing employees to align output with business objectives.

Performance Management Cycle is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Performance Planning is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A performance review is a formal assessment where managers evaluate an employee's work quality, achievements, and areas for growth over a set period.

Performance-Based Pay is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A contract that has no end date and is in effect until it is terminated by either the employer or the employee.

Personal income tax is a government-levied tax on an individual’s earned and unearned income, typically withheld from wages by the employer.

Phased Retirement is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Piece Rate Pay is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A plan sponsor is the entity, typically an employer or union, that establishes and maintains an employee benefit plan.

Post-Money Valuation is an ownership or financing concept that shapes how equity is granted, valued, diluted, or earned over time in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Pre-Money Valuation is an ownership or financing concept that shapes how equity is granted, valued, diluted, or earned over time in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A pre-tax deduction is an amount subtracted from an employee’s gross pay before income and payroll taxes are calculated, reducing taxable income.

Predictive analytics uses statistical models, machine learning, and historical data to forecast future outcomes and trends.

A specific kind of health plan that contracts with physicians and hospitals to build a network of participating medical providers.

Prevailing Wages is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A prior period adjustment corrects errors in time, compensation, or classification reported on an employee's previous payroll cycle.

A probationary period is a defined trial phase at the start of employment used to assess a new hire's suitability for the role.

A professional employer organization (PEO) co-employs workers to handle payroll, benefits, and HR compliance for small and mid-sized businesses.

Professional References is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Profit Sharing is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Progressive Discipline is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Proof of insurance is official documentation that verifies an individual or organisation holds an active insurance policy with specified coverage.

Prorate is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Protected Class is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Protected concerted activity refers to actions taken by employees acting together to improve their wages, benefits, or working conditions.

Psychometric Test is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

QDRO is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A qualified electronic signature (QES) is a safe electronic signature with the same legal standing as a handwritten signature.

A qualifying life event is a change in circumstance that makes a person eligible to enroll in health insurance outside the annual Open Enrollment

Quality management ensures an organisation's products, services, and processes consistently meet defined standards through planning and control.

Every employer is required to submit a quarterly federal tax return to the IRS using IRS Form 941 four times per year.

Queen Bee Syndrome is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Quid Pro Quo Harassment is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Quiet Firing is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Employees who quietly quit are known for making the barest effort to keep their employment by not investing additional time or effort into their tasks.

Real time processing is the immediate handling of data transactions as they occur, rather than batching them for later execution.

Reasonable Person Standard is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A software that aids businesses in streamlining the hiring procedure, from attracting candidates to evaluating resumes to distributing offer letters.

Recruitment is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Recruitment process outsourcing (RPO) is when an employer delegates all or part of its hiring activities to an external provider.

Redeployment is the process of moving employees into different roles, departments, or locations within an organisation to meet changing needs.

Redundancy occurs when an employer reduces its workforce because a particular role or set of roles is no longer required.

Regular time refers to the standard scheduled working hours for a nonexempt employee, excluding any overtime hours worked beyond that limit.

Relieving Letter is an employment event, administrative action, or formal document used to record or manage changes in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Remote work is a flexible arrangement where employees perform their job duties from a location outside the traditional office environment.

Request for Proposal is an employment event, administrative action, or formal document used to record or manage changes in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Resenteeism is a workplace trend or cultural label that reflects how people are responding to expectations around flexibility, wellbeing, productivity, and office norms in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Residence Card is an international employment, mobility, or immigration term used when organisations hire, relocate, sponsor, or support workers across borders in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Resident Alien is an international employment, mobility, or immigration term used when organisations hire, relocate, sponsor, or support workers across borders in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Resignation is the voluntary act of an employee formally ending their employment, typically requiring written notice and a defined notice period.

Rest Periods is a working pattern or scheduling concept that defines when, where, or how employees perform their work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Restricted Holidays is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Restricted Stock Unit (RSU) is an ownership or financing concept that shapes how equity is granted, valued, diluted, or earned over time in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A restrictive covenant is a clause in an employment contract that limits what an employee can do after leaving the organisation.

Resume is a hiring or talent management concept used to attract, assess, select, and retain people in the right roles in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

When an employee reports detrimental or illegal behaviors within their firm, their employer or boss may act in retaliation by disciplining them.

Organizations develop and implement retention strategies to lower employee turnover, avoid attrition, boost retention, and promote employee engagement.

Retirement is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Retrenchment is the reduction of an organisation's workforce as a cost-cutting measure, often in response to financial difficulties or restructuring.

Retro pay is additional compensation owed to an employee to correct a shortfall from a previous pay period, such as a late raise or payroll error.

Return to Office (RTO) is a workplace trend or cultural label that reflects how people are responding to expectations around flexibility, wellbeing, productivity, and office norms in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Reverse Mentoring is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Rewards and Recognition is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Right to Manage is an employment event, administrative action, or formal document used to record or manage changes in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Rightsizing is the strategic restructuring of an organisation's workforce and operations to align staffing levels with current business needs.

Risk management is the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential threats that could negatively affect an organisation.

Roster Management is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Rotational training is a development programme where employees cycle through different roles and departments to build broad business skills.

RSS (Really Simple Syndication) is a web feed format that allows users to receive automatic updates when new content is published on a website.

S Corporation is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

SaaS (Software as a Service) delivers cloud-hosted applications on a subscription basis, widely used for HR, payroll, and talent management.

Sabbatical Leave is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A salaried employee receives a predetermined fixed amount of pay each period, regardless of the exact number of hours worked per week.

A salaried non-exempt employee receives a fixed salary but remains entitled to overtime pay under the Fair Labor Standards Act.

The salary basis test determines whether an employee is paid on a salary basis, which is one requirement for FLSA overtime exemption.

Sample Chart of Accounts is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

SDI Tax is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Seasonal employment refers to temporary positions that exist only during peak business periods, such as holidays, harvests, or tourism seasons.

Secondary insurance is an additional health coverage plan that pays eligible costs remaining after the primary insurance has processed a claim.

Self-Assessment is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The self-employed health insurance deduction allows eligible self-employed individuals to deduct premiums for medical, dental, and long-term care.

Refers to the federal tax paid by freelancers, small business owners, independent contractors, and other individuals on their net income.

A self-funded insurance plan is an arrangement where the employer pays employee healthcare claims directly instead of buying a fully insured policy.

Sensitivity training helps employees recognise personal biases and improve interpersonal skills to foster a more inclusive workplace.

SEO (Search Engine Optimisation) improves website visibility in organic search results, helping HR teams attract more qualified candidates online.

Severance Settlement is an employment event, administrative action, or formal document used to record or manage changes in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Sexual harassment is unlawful workplace conduct involving unwelcome sexual advances, requests for favours, or verbal and physical behaviour of a sexual nature.

A share code check is the UK employer verification process that uses a government-issued code to confirm a job applicant's right to work.

A shift differential is extra pay added to an employee's base rate for working less desirable hours, such as nights, weekends, or holidays.

Sick leave pay is compensation employees receive for time off taken due to illness, injury, or medical appointments during scheduled work days.

Situational Leadership is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Six Sigma is a data-driven methodology for eliminating defects and reducing variability in business processes.

Skill-Based Pay is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

This refers to the disparity between a company's expectations of its employees' skills and the skills they really have.

Small Business is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Social Collaboration is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Social currency is the value that individuals gain from sharing information, experiences, or affiliations that enhance their social standing or identity.

Social HR is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A process where an employer looks over a candidate's social media activity to assess their suitability for employement.

Social media recruiting uses platforms like LinkedIn, Facebook, and X to source, engage, and attract candidates for open positions.

Social Networking is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Social Security Administration is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A Social Security Number (SSN) is a unique nine-digit identifier issued by the U.S. government for tax reporting and benefits tracking.

Social Security Tax is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Social Security Tips is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Social Security Wages is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Sole Proprietorship is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

The act of recruiters proactively seeking out, engaging with, and eventually hiring applicants they believe would be a good fit for the organization

Staffing is the process of finding, selecting, and placing qualified individuals in job positions within an organisation.

The standard deduction is a fixed dollar amount that reduces the income on which a taxpayer is assessed, set annually by the IRS.

Standard hours define the regular number of working hours expected per day or week, forming the basis for pay and overtime calculations.

State Unemployment Tax Act (SUTA) is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

State Withholding Tax is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A statutory employee is an independent contractor treated as an employee for tax withholding purposes under specific IRS guidelines.

Stay interviews are proactive conversations managers hold with current employees to understand what keeps them engaged and what might cause them to leave.

Straight-time pay is the regular hourly or salaried compensation an employee earns for standard working hours, excluding any overtime premiums.

Strategic HRM is the alignment of human resource management practices with an organisation's long-term business strategy and objectives.

Strategic planning is the process of defining an organisation's direction, setting priorities, and allocating resources to achieve long-term goals.

Substantial Limitation is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

This refers to the process of determining the crucial roles in your organization and creating action plans for people to fill them in the event of an

SUI is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Summary dismissal is the immediate termination of an employee without notice, typically in response to an act of gross misconduct in the workplace.

Summary Plan Description is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Supplemental Unemployment Benefits is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Supplemental wages are payments made to employees beyond their regular salary, including bonuses, commissions, overtime pay, and severance.

Suspension is the temporary removal of an employee from their duties, typically pending an investigation into alleged misconduct.

System Changeover is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Systemic discrimination describes ingrained organisational patterns, policies, or practices that consistently disadvantage members of protected groups.

Take-Home Pay is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Talent acquisition is the strategic process of identifying, attracting, and hiring skilled candidates to meet current and future organisational needs.

The planned, strategic process of bringing in the right talent and assisting them in reaching their full potential while keeping organizational goals in mind.

Talent Management Software is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Talent pooling is the practice of building and maintaining a database of qualified candidates who may be suitable for future job openings.

This refers to the non-cash incentives with monetary worth, such as gift cards, gift certificates, and products.

A predefined strategy to advertise job openings in certain locations and strategies to draw individuals with particular backgrounds, abilities, or traits.

Tax Amendment is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Tax Credit is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A tax levy is a legal seizure of a taxpayer’s property or wages by a government authority to satisfy an outstanding unpaid tax debt.

Taxable Income is a payroll, tax, or accounting term used to calculate earnings, file returns, classify payments, or reconcile employer obligations in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Refers to the amount of an employee’s income in which the payment for Social Security for an individual's tax liability is calculated from.

Team building is the process of creating and developing a cohesive group of individuals who work together effectively to achieve shared goals.

Telecommuting is a working pattern or scheduling concept that defines when, where, or how employees perform their work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A termination letter is a formal written document from an employer notifying an employee of the end of their employment and outlining key details.

Third-country nationals are employees who are citizens of a country other than the parent country or the host country of the multinational organisation.

How companies keep track of employees' working hours and make sure they are fairly compensated for their time, as well as ensuring that employees are

Refers to the period of time from when a candidate first applied in the company and when they accepted a job offer.

Timesheet is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A TIN (Taxpayer Identification Number) is a unique numeric code assigned by a tax authority to individuals and entities for tax administration.

Title VII (Civil Rights Act) is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Total Compensation is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Total quality management (TQM) is a philosophy of continuous organisational improvement driven by employee involvement and customer satisfaction.

Total remuneration is the complete value of an employee's compensation package, including base salary, bonuses, benefits, and non-cash rewards.

Training and Development is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A training matrix is a visual tool used by organisations to map employee skills, competencies, and training requirements across teams or roles.

Training needs analysis is a systematic method for identifying gaps between current employee skills and the capabilities required to meet organisational goals.

Transformational Leadership is a performance, learning, or leadership concept used to assess contribution, build capability, and guide employee growth in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A method that places employees in temporary employment with the intention of preparing them for placement in permanent employment.

Tuition Reimbursement is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Turnover rate is an HR metric that measures the percentage of employees who leave an organisation within a given period, typically one year.

The Ulrich Model is a framework that organises HR functions into four key roles: Strategic Partner, Change Agent, Administrative Expert, and Employee Champion.

Unauthorized absence occurs when an employee is absent from work without prior approval or a valid reason, also known as AWOL or absent without leave.

Unconscious bias refers to the automatic, unintentional mental shortcuts and stereotypes that influence how people perceive and interact with others.

An underwriter evaluates the risk of insuring a group or individual and sets coverage terms and pricing for employer-sponsored benefit plans.

Unfair dismissal occurs when an employee is terminated from their job in a manner that is considered harsh, unjust, or unreasonable.

Unfair selection refers to recruitment or redundancy selection processes that are biased, discriminatory, or not based on objective, job-related criteria.

A union is an organised group of workers who collectively bargain with their employer over wages, benefits, working conditions, and workplace rights.

Unlimited PTO is a benefits or leave concept used to structure entitlements, employer-sponsored programmes, and time-away-from-work policies in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Employers can provide loyal employees with time off from work when paid leave has run out by providing unpaid leave.

Upward mobility in HR refers to the ability of employees to advance into higher-level positions with greater responsibility, opportunity, and pay.

Utilization analysis is a workforce review that compares the demographic composition of an organisation's employees against the available labour market.

Vacancy is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Vacation pay is the compensation an employee receives for approved time away from work, provided as part of their paid time off benefits.

Variable Pay is a compensation concept used to structure employee pay, rewards, salary decisions, and overall earning potential in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A verbal warning is a form of discipline in which an employer addresses a problem with an employee's conduct, behavior, or job performance.

Vesting is an ownership or financing concept that shapes how equity is granted, valued, diluted, or earned over time in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Vicarious Liability is a legal or compliance concept that shapes what employers may require, prohibit, document, or defend in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A video interview is a job interview conducted remotely via video technology, either live or pre-recorded, to screen and evaluate candidates.

Viral marketing is a strategy that encourages individuals to share a marketing message rapidly, creating exponential growth in its reach and visibility.

Virtual Employee is an HR operations or technology term used to run people processes, manage records, and support the systems behind workforce administration in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Virtual HR is the delivery of human resources services and support through digital platforms and technology rather than in-person HR staff.

Voluntary benefits are employer-offered perks such as supplemental insurance and wellness programmes that employees choose to pay for via payroll deduction.

When an employee willingly accepts redundancy and ends their work in exchange for a redundancy payout, it is referred to as voluntary redundancy.

Some businesses use the leave category known as voluntary time off to balance personnel needs with rapidly changing workloads.

Employees who participate in volunteer time off receive their usual pay in exchange for the hours they donate to a recognized nonprofit or community group.

A required document an employer sends in January to each of their employees and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), reporting the employee’s salary

A form used by employers to report combined employee income to the Social Security Administration and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

Also known as an Employee's Withholding Allowance Certificate, which lets employers know how much federal tax to withhold from an employee’s paycheck.

Also known as an Earned Income Credit Advance Payment Certificate, this is a form an employee submits in order to receive a portion of the Earned

This refers to the difference between an employee’s base salary compared to the pay they are actually given at the end of the pay period.

A method of calculating how much a worker paid by the hour would make if they were paid with an equivalent salary.

Wages are the monetary compensation paid to employees in exchange for work performed, typically calculated on an hourly, daily, or piecework basis.

This is also known as a welcome kit or [onboarding](/hr-glossary/onboarding/) pack which refers to the tangible introduction to an organization that

A wellness program is an employer-sponsored initiative designed to support and improve the physical, mental, and emotional health of employees.

A whistle-blower is an employee who reports illegal, unethical, or unsafe workplace practices to internal leadership or external regulatory agencies.

A portion of an employee’s salary that is left out of their paycheck and is paid to the state, federal, or local tax authorities.

Work behavior encompasses the actions, habits, and conduct employees demonstrate in the workplace as they carry out their roles and responsibilities.

Work ethic is the set of moral principles and values that guide how diligently and responsibly an individual approaches their professional duties.

Work From Home Stipend is a working pattern or scheduling concept that defines when, where, or how employees perform their work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Work Permit is an international employment, mobility, or immigration term used when organisations hire, relocate, sponsor, or support workers across borders in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Work-life balance is the equilibrium between an employee’s professional responsibilities and personal life, health, and wellbeing outside of work.

Worker is an employment event, administrative action, or formal document used to record or manage changes in the employment relationship in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Workers’ compensation is employer-funded insurance that covers medical costs and lost wages for employees who suffer work-related injuries or illnesses.

Workforce Agility is an organisational planning concept used to shape structure, decision-making, workforce capacity, and long-term people strategy in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A process that is used to collect, analyze, and interpret data on the current state of the employees and turn it into actionable information which

Workforce Management is an organisational planning concept used to shape structure, decision-making, workforce capacity, and long-term people strategy in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

A process of examining and planning the future of the workforce, assessing where there is a lack of resources or skills and formulating initiatives

This refers to an organizational condition when a team (or group of teams) intentionally separates itself from other teams or the entire department

Workplace Productivity is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

This refers to any seven, consecutive 24-hour periods established by an employer, for a total of 168 hours in a workweek, which may start on any day

A written disciplinary notice issued by the employer to warn an employee of their unsatisfactory conduct and the potential consequences if the

Wrongful dismissal is the termination of an employee in breach of their contract terms, such as failing to provide the required notice period.

HR-XML is a set of XML-based data standards designed for exchanging human resources information such as recruiting, payroll, and benefits data.

This refers to the period of time from the start of a fiscal year or calendar year to the current date or a certain date.

Zero Based Budgeting is a specialist HR, workplace, or business concept that appears in people management discussions but depends on context to apply correctly in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Zero Hour Contract is a working pattern or scheduling concept that defines when, where, or how employees perform their work in HR, people operations, and workplace management.

Zoom Fatigue is a workplace trend or cultural label that reflects how people are responding to expectations around flexibility, wellbeing, productivity, and office norms in HR, people operations, and workplace management.